强对流风暴中同质冻结增温的直接探空观测     

徐小红  余兴  戴进  刘贵华  朱延年  岳治国 《南京气象学院学报》2011,34(4):416-422

通过两个强对流风暴个例,利用探空资料辅以卫星反演方法,揭示了强对流风暴中同质冻结增温这一事实。探空观测到在强风暴中同质冻结潜热释放造成该层内的空气增温达5℃以上,风暴中强上升气流使云滴没有足够的时间长大,云水向雨水转化和云的晶化会被推到更高的高度,在到达同质冻结高度之前,异质核化过程没有太多的时间消耗大量云水,多数云滴被带到同质冻结高度以上时迅速冻结,造成潜热的集中释放,使周围的空气增温。NOAA卫星观测到的云顶的大量由同质冻结形成的小冰粒子以及过顶现象,进一步证实了同质冻结潜热增温。当探空仪靠近风暴、对流层顶又距同质冻结高度层较近时,同质冻结增温作用有可能被探空仪观测到。  相似文献   

一次雷暴前后大气折射率的多普勒天气雷达测量试验及结果   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

黄兴友  孙伟  葛文忠  王凌震  冷亮 《南京气象学院学报》2011,34(4):433-438

由温度、气压和水汽压决定的大气折射率会影响天气雷达电磁波的传播路径和目标回波的相位。因此,通过测量目标回波相位的变化能够算出大气折射率的变化,进而得到水汽信息,为研究局地对流天气和水汽平流提供资料。本文阐述了多普勒天气雷达反演大气折射率的原理和方法,并利用江苏省气象台的S波段多普勒天气雷达反演了一次雷暴过程前后的大气折射率,表明了雷达探测大气折射率的可靠性。这项工作有望为研究水汽变化和天气过程提供高分辨率的遥感资料,也可以为数值模式提供水汽场辅助数据,有良好的应用前景。  相似文献   

1960—2008年南方地区冰冻时空分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王颖王晓云  江志红曾宪宁赵铁松邹晨曦王美双 《南京气象学院学报》2011,34(1):28-35

利用地基多普勒天气雷达数据,提出机载雷达扫描的模拟仿真算法,并建立了仿真扫描的理论模型。该模型利用数据分层几何投影,处理速度较快、精度较高,可应用于扇形扫描和圆锥扫描。在理想情况下,设计了消除地物回波的算法及多普勒速度退模糊的算法。试验表明,仿真回波可应用于机载气象雷达实际观测前的扫描方式可行性研究,有助于分析机载雷达探测的云雨回波特性。  相似文献   

山东半岛冷流暴雪雷达回波特征   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

刁秀广  孙殿光  符长静  苏添记 《气象》2011,37(6):677-686

利用烟台多普勒雷达资料,结合天气形势,对2005年12月3-7日和2008年12月3-6日山东半岛北部的冷流暴雪过程进行了分析研究。结果表明：东北冷涡造成强冷空气频繁,在对流层低层山东半岛存在强冷平流,海面温度和低层大气温度的较大温差造成了低层大气不稳定;渤海和黄海北部海区为降水提供了丰富的水汽;冷流暴雪产生在对流层低...  相似文献   

超低仰角扫描改进高山雷达降水估测   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐八林  刘黎平  王改利 《高原气象》2011,30(5):1337-1345

利用2004年5月云南大暴雨过程的26次昆明雷达超低仰角对比观测体扫资料,分析了昆明雷达0°和0.5°仰角数据以及对比了定量估测降水的情况。结果表明：0°仰角探测到的降水分布范围更大;与0.5°仰角相比,通过定量计算,探测降水范围能提高约9.96%,估测的降水总量约为11.6%。从探测到的降水量和范围来看,0°仰角较0...  相似文献   

哈尔滨地区冷涡系统产生冰雹的雷达回波特征     

石慕真  庞博  孙琪  赵广娜 《黑龙江气象》2011,28(3):1-2

对2001-2007年黑龙江省南部地区降雹资料进行综合分析,总结出了降雹的天气类型、物理机制及雷达回波特征,总结了不同降雹类型预报着眼点、配合的降水量及其它灾害天气。  相似文献   

Geophysical Model Function for Wind Speed Retrieval from SARAL/AltiKa     

R. M. Gairola  M. T. Bushair  Suchandra Aich Bhowmick 《Marine Geodesy》2015,38(3):409-421

With the launch of SARAL/AltiKa altimeter, efforts have been made to develop wind speed retrieval algorithms. Here we present two algorithms for estimating and validating wind speed from AltiKa. The first method is based on a theoretical Geophysical Model Function (GMF) using forward model simulations for Ka band specifications. The second is the model function developed using the matched database of input and output vectors of Normalized Radar Cross Section (NRCS) from AltiKa and wind speed measurements from concurrent Jason-2 altimeters. Since the NRCS depends on both the surface roughness due to surface wind speed and on mean square slope of the surfaces, the significant wave height is used along with wind speed for model development as an proxy variable. Both the theoretical and empirical GMFs are evaluated for retrieval of wind speed from AltiKa and validated with NDBC buoys data. The empirical model provide wind speed retrieval accuracy of 1.4 m/s. The accuracy of wind retrievals from theoretical model is also in the similar range (1.6 m/s), indicating the sound physical basis applicable for the future altimeters with various incidence angles. The retrieved wind speed is applied for various case studies, bringing out all the regional and global features quite well.  相似文献   

便携式高频地波雷达台湾海峡浪高观测   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

ZHOU Hao  ROARTY Hugh  WEN Biyang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(1):73-78

As an important equipment for sea state remote sensing, high frequency surface wave radar(HFSWR) has received more and more attention. The conventional method for wave height inversion is based on the ratio of the integration of the second-order spectral continuum to that of the first-order region, where the strong external noise and the incorrect delineation of the first- and second-order Doppler spectral regions due to spectral aliasing are two major sources of errors in the wave height. To account for these factors, two more indices are introduced to the wave height estimation, i.e., the ratio of the maximum power of the second-order continuum to that of the Bragg spectral region(RSCB) and the ratio of the power of the second harmonic peak to that of the Bragg peak(RSHB). Both indices also have a strong correlation with the underlying wave height. On the basis of all these indices an empirical model is proposed to estimate the wave height. This method has been used in a three-months long experiment of the ocean state measuring and analyzing radar, type S(OSMAR-S), which is a portable HFSWR with compact cross-loop/monopole receive antennas developed by Wuhan University since 2006. During the experiment in the Taiwan Strait, the significant wave height varied from 0 to 5 m. The significant wave heights estimated by the OSMAR-S correlate well with the data provided by the Oceanweather Inc. for comparison, with a correlation coefficient of 0.74 and a root mean square error(RMSE) of 0.77 m. The proposed method has made an effective improvement to the wave height estimation and thus a further step toward operational use of the OSMAR-S in the wave height extraction.  相似文献   

An assessment of arctic sea ice concentration retrieval based on “HY-2” scanning radiometer data using field observations during CHINARE-2012 and other satellite instruments     

SHI Lijiang  LU Peng  CHENG Bin  KARVONEN Juha  WANG Qimao  LI Zhijun  HAN Hongwei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,(3)

A retrieval algorithm of arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) based on the brightness temperature data of “HY-2” scanning microwave radiometer has been constructed. The tie points of the brightness tempe...  相似文献   

基于WorldView-2遥感影像反演浅海水深过程中太阳耀斑的去除方法     

李龙龙  刘建强  邹斌 《海洋预报》2015,32(1)

基于Hedley等的方法对WorldView-2遥感影像反演岛礁水深时的太阳耀斑进行去除,在技术实现过程中根据WorldView-2波段设置的特殊性做一定的改进,将8波段分为两组,其中蓝、绿、红波段依据近红外1波段来去耀斑,海岸、黄、红边波段依据近红外2波段来去耀斑,在具体应用中完整实现该理论方法。结果表明,去耀斑后无论是对水深反演结果的精度上还是从影像直观视觉上都有提高,该方法有利于WorldView-2影像处理中耀斑去除的常规化应用。  相似文献